Post your job for free. Get quotes. Read reviews.
Post your job for free. Read reviews, get quotes, and see tips on hiring the right person.
How does it work?There are 404 Floor fitters in Liverpool, and last month we helped homeowners get quotes for their home improvement jobs.
Take a look at our Floor fitters profiles, read reviews and request quotes directly.
At Stanco joinery we offer an extensive range of services in the joinery trade from door fitting to decking.We strive to be the best for service and price. We will try match any genuine quote. We are COVID compliant and wear masks, sanitise regularly and social distance on all premises. About me i have over 12 years in the trade and started my own company in 2019 as I was working for a company doing shop fitting there was no room for progression so I started my own business in joinery. Last year my company went limited I’ve done over 5 years in college and university I have my level 2 & 3 in carpentry and joinery (city and guilds) and I also have my degree in construction management (Bsc). I’m new to this platform but not new in the trade I have an eye for detail and no corners are cut I aim to do a job as though it was my own. All works are guaranteed and covered by my liability insurance. So give the best a chance to do the jobs you have and look forward to working with you on any jobs in the future
Latest homeowner review
Very happy with the work done well fitted door
Fully qualified Level 3 Site Joiner/Carpenter through City & Guilds, with many years in the trade. I bring extensive experience, strong knowledge, and genuine passion for delivering quality workmanship. Due to high demand from returning clients, CFL Joinery is steadily expanding to offer additional construction services, including electrical installation, plumbing & gas, bricklaying, and more. Whatever the job, we’re happy to help. I guarantee all work will be completed to a high standard, often at prices that beat previous quotes you may have received. We are a friendly, reliable and understanding business, and if a job needs urgent attention, we will do everything we can to accommodate it. For any questions or enquiries, please feel free to get in touch via call or email. ????
Latest homeowner review
Dylan never turned up when agreed and stopped answering calls and texts from me
I am here to help and make your life a lot easier. I have useful, relevant and valuable experience and skills in my line of work. I've gained insight, undergone training and shown my abilities which can be seen. Starting off as a plumber 10years ago wasn't enough for me so I progressed onto installing and tiling. This way I found it covered all areas homeowners needed to get jobs done without needing more than one tradesman. I am passionate about my work and will always leave a job in pristine condition. At Bear Tiling & Bathroom Installation, I offer the highest quality tiling service and bathroom installation. No job is too big or small.
Latest homeowner review
Great job, quick and no fuss. Very professional. I have already got a new quote for more work I needed doing
Four Walls Home Improvements offers reliable and high-quality tiling, plumbing, and bathroom fitting services for homes of all sizes. Whether it’s fixing a leaky tap, retiling a kitchen, or installing a new bathroom, we take pride in doing every job properly — no matter how big or small. With years of hands-on experience, we focus on clean, tidy work and making sure our customers are always happy with the results.
Latest homeowner review
Fantastic service - clean job
T Rawley Stonemasonry is a small, family business specializing in Stone masonry, Brickwork and stone flagging. We are listed building and conservation specialists.
Latest homeowner review
Tom, arrived on the time and on the date agreed and provided a first class service rebuilding our dry stone wall as i had major concerns the wall was about to collapse on to our vehicle. The quotation was fair price for all the hard work that tom put in to making sure the project was completed to a very high standard. We will definitely be using Tom's services again for all future project works. Fully recommended. Kind regards Lee
JL plastering & Venetian Design, a qualified, professional and quality service in all aspects of Venetian plastering/Design, plastering, rendering and other building work.
Latest homeowner review
Unable to quote.
Small team of skilled plumbers undertaking everything from small repairs to full renovation at a competitive price.free no obligation qoute on all jobs.
Latest homeowner review
Took five weeks between jobs didn't use dust sheets made a mess of the rugs. Scratched the flooring in the living room and didn't level my floor before installing bath sink and toilet. Im left with an uneven floor.
Bathroom refurbishment Floor and wall tiling Laminate / L.V.T floor installation Home maintenance No job to big - no job to small
Latest homeowner review
Dale was very helpful and carried out the work to a high standard. Very pleased with the result and would recommend Ll tiling to anyone. It's nice to find someone you can trust.
I'm a highly experienced and reliable multi-skilled tradesman offering a wide range of services to keep your property in top condition. With a strong background in painting and decorating, flooring, kitchen fitting, tiling, and general property maintenance, I take pride in delivering high-quality workmanship on every project, big or small. Services include: *Interior painting and decorating *All types of flooring: laminate, vinyl, hardwood, carpet & more *Kitchen installation & fitting *Wall & floor tiling *General property maintenance & repairs *Flat pack furniture assembly * 2nd fix on Electrical and Plumbing. Whether you're refreshing a single room, renovating an entire home, or just need a few things fixed or fitted, I offer reliable service, attention to detail, and a clean, professional finish every time.
Latest homeowner review
Kingsway roofing we have over 40 years ? Of high-quality experience fully insured and qualified we guarantee customer satisfaction free quotations and all work fully guaranteed we aim for the highest standards and use all British board approved materials
We fit laminate floors all across the north west -25 years supply and fitting quality laminate floors -we can fit laminate you have bought yourself -we can supply and fit quality laminate flooring and quality laminate product -we only supply quality floor that suit most budgets -we offer haste free no obligation quotes -we can take up your old flooring at a cost -we have picture galleries on both Facebook and Instagram under aandslaminateflooring -we offer a clean and tidy professional 1st class service
Latest homeowner review
Andy did a great job,, would highly recommend
Specialists in replacing roofs, slates or tiles. I source and supply all materials saving the customer time and hassle researching the materials. All of the materials I use are of the highest standard. I always supply samples of tiles or slates to ensure we get what suits best for your property and price range. I also do new build houses from wall plate to finish and fit fascia boards and soffits. Other jobs we regularly complete include full loft Conversions and replacement of old roof windows due to them becoming drafty or if they have been fitted for 25 years and over and need a upgrade. All of my jobs are completed to a high standard and come with a 10 year warranty.
Latest homeowner review
I have been trading for 20 years as a flooring sanding specialist and I am obsessed with finish. I use the best quality machines which include Festool, Lagler and Bona, allowing for a virtually dust free working environment. -Floor sanding -Engineered Flooring -Solid Plank and Block Flooring Floor Sanding/Renovation Making natural wood look and feel beautiful Free, no-obligation quotes Highly qualified Fully insured
Latest homeowner review
They did an excellent job with my living room and small bedroom floor, sanding it down! Super easy to communicate with, very friendly, and incredibly informative when explaining the different options for top coats. They were very easy to work with and delivered an excellent result. Highly recommend!
Here at LS TILING SERVICES we offer tiling services from domestic to commercial All pictures on my page is my own work!!! •large format tiles •Walls •Floors •Splash backs •self levelling •Kitchens •Tanking •Bathroom/toilets •Door steps •Re grouts •Rip out and re tile No job to small !! We give the best finish towards every job that comes into our hands We love what we do that’s why we give 100% to every job For more info on our business don’t hesitate to get in touch with me via email or contact me by phone Thanks Leighton - Ls tiling services
Latest homeowner review
Hi, I am Stefan, and I have three decades of experience as joiner, specialising in wood flooring and tiling, doors, wardrobes, decking, bathroom fitting and refurbishment.
Latest homeowner review
We are a reliable, friendly company specialising in home improvements and property maintenance. Fully insured, we are committed to providing an excellent service to our customers. Our services include; General property maintenance Roofing Kitchen/bathroom installation Joinery Driveways Fencing Landscaping Mowing and Hedge cutting services And more.. We look forward to hearing from you to discuss your requirements. Contact us today for a free, no obligation quote!
Latest homeowner review
Luke was very friendly with his communication and did the job in good time. Will likely use for other jobs as well
Visionary Construction Ltd is a reputable and professional company comprising skilled tradesmen dedicated to delivering outstanding outcomes. With over 8 years of experience managing a diverse range of domestic and commercial building, renovation, and conversion projects, we have cultivated a satisfied client base and an impressive portfolio. Our approach combines expertise, innovation, and a meticulous work ethic to ensure the successful and timely completion of each project within the allocated budget. We take on a wide range of projects, consistently delivering impeccable results. Attention to detail is of paramount importance to us, and our personalized service ensures that your needs always take precedence. Prior to commencing any project, we provide a comprehensive overview of the timeline, our approach, and the associated costs. We maintain regular communication to keep you informed of our progress, and we consider a job complete only when you are absolutely delighted with the results. Our services are offered at highly competitive prices, and it is no surprise that our clients consistently recommend us to their family, neighbors, and friends. If you are seeking a team of passionate, reliable, and skilled tradesmen capable of delivering exceptional results at a reasonable price, we encourage you to get in touch with us.
Latest homeowner review
I have been a builder for 42 years. I do brickwork, repointing, drainage, block paving, patios, concreting, landscaping, stone work, exterior painting etc.. I cover all aspects of building work. and all aspects of groundwork and we specialise in lime mortar pointing
Latest homeowner review
We are a small team of 12 covering all trades. We have been running for 7 years and slowly getting bigger. We are interested in giving free advise and a free quote to any project large or small. Fully Insured and Qualified team for all aspects. building projects Lenny
Latest homeowner review
AA property and groundwork All aspects building work landscaping Building Roofing Pointing Flagging Sand blasting Small demolition Extensions Ponds Driveway specialist Resin driveways Handy man Garden clearances Jet washing Block paving Flagging Groundwork’s All work under taken
Latest homeowner review
At Ada Carpenter, we create bespoke furniture tailored to your style and space. From kitchens and wardrobes to custom storage solutions, we offer both personalised design and professional installation. High-quality, durable, and made just for you — complete design, production, and installation in one place!
Latest homeowner review
We are small independent building firm who work to extremely high standards, Over the many years we have undertaken 1000s of full building conversions, Inc bathrooms,kitchen, load bearing walls, studwork, first and second fix joinery, first and second fix plumbing. We our fully qualified and work to the very highest standards I
Established in 2008, P. Berry Property Maintenance & Building Contractors is a proud family-run business built on trust, quality, and reputation. Based in the North West, we provide a complete range of services covering every aspect of property care — from building and roofing to maintenance, landscaping, With over 15 years of hands-on experience, our team delivers reliable workmanship and professional results on every project, big or small. We believe in honest communication, fair pricing, and attention to detail that speaks for itself. Whether it’s a full renovation, home extension, roof repair, or garden transformation, we handle every stage with pride and precision. Our goal is simple — to provide a service you can depend on, time and time again. All your property needs under one roof — from every screw to every tree
Latest homeowner review
I couldn’t rate Patrick and his team highly enough. They transformed our tired, overgrown back garden into a modern low maintenance family space, we love it! The cost was very competitive, I believe we got great value for our money. Thoroughly recommend.
With an esteemed 15-year tenure in construction, I offer a comprehensive suite of services tailored to elevate your residential spaces to unprecedented levels of sophistication and functionality. Specializing in block paving, loft conversions, spotlights, and painting and decorating, I blend technical prowess with creative vision to bring your ideas to life. From meticulously executed projects to innovative design concepts, trust in my commitment to excellence, professionalism, and client satisfaction to exceed your expectations at every turn. Experience the assurance of quality and the promise of transformative excellence as you embark on your journey with me, your trusted partner in crafting spaces that epitomize luxury, comfort, and timeless elegance. We specialise in- -drive way/patio installs and or jet wash & reseal -interior decorations -plumbing works -hard flooring -loft conversions. And a range of other things.
Latest homeowner review
The guys were great,did what was required,all done in a day. Thumbs-up all round
At AAHomeImprovementUK Ltd we pride ourselves on being the go-to bathroom fitters for discerning customers in the Wigan and Greater Manchester area. It is a well-known fact that bathrooms sell houses. They also add a touch of indulgence to your home. Your bathroom is a long-term investment; it is important that you choose wisely. Our years of experience has helped us to gain a good understanding of what works and what doesn’t. We take the time to listen to our customers’ needs and make recommendations to them based on their requirements and our extensive experience. We are proud of our team of bathroom fitters and guarantee a friendly, clean and tidy service; we always aim to exceed your expectations, which is why we have gained the reputation as one of Wigan’s finest local bathroom installers. We are fully insured and qualified to meet all of your bathroom fitting needs and are affiliated with GQA to help promote best practice. We specialise in all bathroom fitting and design services including: Design Supply & Installation Full or Part Renovation Wetrooms Showers Underfloor Heating Plumbing Tiling Plastering Painting & Decorating We take a personal approach to every bathroom fitting we complete and ensure that every bathroom delivers on quality, value, functionality and appearance. If you would like a free, no-obligation consultation and quote please contact us, or for more information about our bathroom installation services and to take a look at some of the work done by our friendly
Latest homeowner review
At floor masters we employ a number of qualified staff all specialising in their relevant trades. We commonly work with carpets, vinyl, LVT, safety flooring, laminate carpet tiles and much more. Commonly work commercial and domestic jobs where we are able to provide a high quality service aswell as results at a competitive rate. Message today for a quote which will not leave you disappointed.
Latest homeowner review
No and the team did fantastic job will be using them again
At Bottega Interiors we deal with bathroom installations, bedrooms and kitchens. also handling anything from small leaks to full renovations. We pride our services with all aspects of works meaning you the customer won’t have the head ache of calling multiple trades people to complete one job. We take the stress out of your hands and handle the job all under one roof.
Latest homeowner review
Very knowledgeable, professional, punctual, and left the place spotless. Will use again
Here at four seasons home improvements we have multiple branches in northern England and Scotland with over 35 years experience in the building trade our trustworthy team are able to carry out all aspects of property maintenance; whether it be a small repair, large scale renovation, or even a new build project. Four seasons Home Improvements are a family run building company offering excellent service in a wide range of home improvement services. We specialise in all areas of home improvement so that our customers can receive a complete service. With more than 35 years of experience to call upon, our customers can be assured that they will receive expertise and reliability in whatever we do. QUALITY We care about what we do. Our customers can be satisfied that they are getting a quality build from qualified professionals. The way that our craftsmen approach their work means that our customers don’t have to make do with ‘good enough’ but receive excellence. HONESTY We offer clear quotations and sensible advice. We never try to sell our customers something that they might not need, but offer the benefit of our expertise in a way that is practical to you and easy to understand. Our customers return to us time and again because they trust us. NEATNESS We understand that after we finish our day you still have to live in your home. We try, always, to leave a site that is safe, clean and tidy at the end of our working day so that you can continue to enjoy your home. At Four Seasons Home Improvements, we understand that you want to improve your home and you need a reliable builder who will offer excellent service at a reasonable price. We offer all of these things in north of England and the south of Scotland Get in touch and we can talk about your needs and how we can help. All of our staff are helpful, friendly and knowledgeable. They will be delighted to talk, arrange a free site visit and quotation and guide you through the process of improving your home. Payment information We only accept card payment and cash We no longer accept bank transfer or cheque We accept all major bank and credit cards Mastercard and visa Our team always arrive with a card machine All our quoted prices are subject to vat being added upon completion
Latest homeowner review
Chris came to replace the leaking pitched flat roof of my garden office. I was kept informed at all times, and the team was polite, informative and cleared after finishing. A great job.
Essential Roofing has over 25 years’ experience in the roofing trade. We are a local Burnley based family run business and all of the surrounding areas including Yorkshire & Manchester . As well as all types of roofing we’re specialists in fascia’s and soffits and brand new Guttering installations. Some of our services include: Roofing, Repairs, Fascia’s, Soffits, Guttering, Chimney Work, Porch Roofs, Garage Roofs Whatever the size of the job we can help, with no job being too big or too small, from a single tile to a whole roof. We also provide 24 hour emergency call-outs for Emergency work For your peace of mind, we’re so confident n our work we’ll only take payment once the job is complete and the customer is happy.
Latest homeowner review
If I could change to Zero I would. Once they did the job, took the money they have blanked all requests to check a snagging issue. One window sill leaking, have called, texted and just getting fobbed off on last call they said they would call back in 5 minutes - that was 3 days ago….. #Avoid
Here at TJ Hughes landscaping and property maintenance we specialise in transforming your dream garden and house into reality With our new technology we can show you visuals of what your garden can look like right before it’s even been started.. We cover a huge area from Norfolk to London and everywhere in between We provide quality landscaping, from fresh lawns, fencing, decking and patios to full garden redesigns. TJ Hughes are highly dedicated to the landscaping trade, all members here at TJ Hughes ensure that our workmanship is to the highest of qualities. We have also ventured out as a team to property development, things like painting and repairs plastering and brick work Why choose us when there’s many companies out there? Well here at TJ Hughes we are a team built from highly experienced and skilled tradesmen that are trained to work safely and confidently within any work environment. Attention to detail and to have pride within the work throughout ensuring its completed on time to your exceptions and budget. Services TJ Hughes can guarantee : Friendly service Fully insured work Experienced and fully trained team Personal landscape designs Before and aftercare advice Free estimate Fast response Top quality Clean and tidy Don't stop and hesitate, give us an email or ring to book a date for your free estimate
Latest homeowner review
JLM building maintenance is the place to go for quality work and real life prices!! Starting up in 2023 we are the new guys on the block, that’s why we are determined to create a rock solid reputation for our; quality of work,
Latest homeowner review
Nick Welcomes you to Sycamore Property Maintenance. We are a Tameside based company that prides itself on quality of workmanship and working to customers deadlines. We pride ourselves on great levels of customer service and importantly client satisfaction, which we achieve by using the best professionals, ensuring an exceptional finish, delivering on time and importantly within budget. Our aim is nothing short of 100% client satisfaction from conception to completion It is inevitable that any building project can be a very stressful time for clients and their families, whether you are building yourself a new home, an extension or simply require some general maintenance things can be overwhelming. Here at Sycamore Property Maintenance. We will ensure your experience with us will be a comfortable one from start to finish. we pride ourselves on constant quality workmanship and set ourselves high standard throughout each project. We are a company that focuses on customer care. We guarantee that the work will be completed on-time, on-budget, and above all else to an excellent standard. With our dedicated team of friendly qualified tradesmen and our successful relationships with all our clients, you will have peace of mind that you are in safe hands, and you will receive no less than a top quality job that you can be proud of.
Latest homeowner review
We are a family company & pride ourselves in providing a professional, honest , reliable & courteous service. With 40 years experience in the building industry. All aspects of building & joinery work are covered & all work is carried out by qualified tradesmen. We are new to Rated People & are keen to get started so we can build up some great reviews.
Latest homeowner review
With an experience of 15 years in the field of construction, I carry out interior and exterior design: Tiles, tiling, grout, lime, sanitary installations, pavements, etc.... I am a qualified person, graduating from the construction high school as a construction technician!
Latest homeowner review
Prompt, Pleasant, Hard worker. Jack of all trades sometimes looses a little finess. I will certainly use him again.
apprentice trained plumbler and gas engineer over 25 years experience always happy to help Don’t mind big jobs little jobs
Latest homeowner review
We specialise in the fitting and refurbishment of kitchens and bathrooms, plumbing work and various types of wall and floor coverings. We have over 20 years experience in doing so. Our attention to detail is second to none and we are fully insured to work on your premises. For bespoke kitchens and bedrooms get in touch, we’ll beat any like for like quote.
Latest homeowner review
Karl was the ultimate professional and very good at his job and we were very pleased with the results of his work. We highly recommend him!
Hi my name is Tom I’ve been plastering for 20 years. I provide a clean helpful service and i do my up most to meet customers requirements
Latest homeowner review
Tom came to skim my son's ceiling but because it had old artex and very uneven he decided to put a false ceiling in, board that and then skim it. Tom is a really friendly guy, kept showing me where he was up to in the job and was very tidy and did a great overall job at a good price. Wouldn't hesitate to use Tom again or recommend to friends and family.
KI ELECTRICAL are fully insured, registered, and DBS CRB police checked. We cover all types of electrical installations from single sockets, lighting, part rewires full rewires, fuse board upgrades, testing and inspection, Electrical Installation Condition Reports to electric vehicle charging points. KI ELECTRICAL are working in line with up to date regulations, which will give you peace of mind. The advantages of using an NICEIC electrician is that we are able to certify and notify local authorities of any work carried out and completed.
Latest homeowner review
The dishwasher was fitted very neatly, and the kitchen unit was adjusted to a high standard. A small cabinet was also added to store our chopping boards this was done cleanly and with great attention to detail. The adjustment blended seamlessly with the original kitchen cabinets, maintaining the overall look of the kitchen.
We cover all aspects of building and demolition services to commercial and domestic clients across the UK. We have a wide range of experience within the industry with time served tradesmen completing working to the highest standards.
Latest homeowner review
We specialise in all aspects of hard landscaping such as patios, driveways, fencing, garden walls, sheds, lawns and garden clearance. We also complete aspects of general building such as extensions, porches, interior and exterior painting
Latest homeowner review
GasTech Northwest Ltd based in Preston, Lancashire is a trusted provider of comprehensive Domestic & Commercial heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning solutions serving the Northwest. Our experienced and certified Engineers specialise in maintenance, repairs, installations, all types systems. We have a real passion for what we do, and we feel this shows in the service we provide. If you would like any additional information on the services that we offer, be sure to get in touch with our experienced team today. We’d love to hear from you and assist you in any way we possibly.
Latest homeowner review
Very good service turned up and talk me through the full job before starting was very professional and very polite job was done to a high standard would recommend him
With years of experience, we specialise in boiler installations, replacements, and energy-efficient heating upgrades. Our engineers are fully trained, Gas Safe registered, and stay up to date with the latest industry standards to ensure every job is safe, reliable, and built to last. We’re committed to providing honest advice, quality workmanship, and a smooth, stress-free installation from start to finish-helping homeowners stay warm, comfortable, and confident in their heating system.
Latest homeowner review
Hi we are professional team covering all the painting job plastering (skimming) bathroom fitting) laminate flooring
Latest homeowner review
Whole spectrum of decorating jobs plus joinery and plumbing.
Latest homeowner review
We have an old cast iron bath and had the bath panels to fix to it. We didn't feel confident doing it ourselves as it was quite a tricky job. Lukasz took time to get the measurements and the cutting was perfect. Looks great. Also we asked him to fix the old original bathroom door which has never closed shut. He put new hinges and shaved it and now it shuts. He did some plastering too. It took a day and charged his day rate (£150) plus a little extra for the hinges, plaster and frame. Great job!
About Me: I am a professional, reliable tiler with over 10 years of experience delivering top-quality tiling services for both residential and commercial projects. Whether you’re updating your kitchen, bathroom, or creating a unique feature wall, I provide a complete range of tiling solutions tailored to meet your needs. My attention to detail, pride in my work, and commitment to customer satisfaction make me a trusted choice for any tiling job. Services I Offer: • Wall & Floor Tiling • Ceramic, Porcelain, and Natural Stone Tiling • Mosaic Tiling • Bathroom & Kitchen Tiling • Re-grouting & Tile Repair • Underfloor Heating Installation • Wet Rooms & Shower Enclosures • Commercial Tiling Why Choose Me? • Over 10 Years of Experience: With more than a decade in the tiling trade, I have honed my skills and knowledge to ensure flawless results on every project. • High-Quality Materials: I use only the best materials available, ensuring durability and a professional finish that lasts. • Clean & Efficient: I pride myself on being tidy and efficient. I ensure minimal disruption to your home or business and leave the space spotless when the job is complete. • Competitive & Transparent Pricing: I offer honest and upfront pricing with no hidden costs, providing clear quotes before any work begins. • Fully Insured: As a fully insured professional, you can have peace of mind knowing that your property is in safe hands. Customer Satisfaction: With over 10 years of service, I’ve built a reputation for reliability, craftsmanship, and excellent customer care. My clients trust me to complete every job to the highest standard, on time and within budget. Contact Me Today: If you’re looking for a dependable tiler with extensive experience, please feel free to reach out for a free, no-obligation quote. I’d be happy to discuss your project and help bring your ideas to life.
Latest homeowner review
We can supply and install: - sand and cement screed - Any quick drying screed - Heavy duty polymer modified, - Self leveling - Liquid screed Professional advice and installation according to British Standards 8204.
Latest homeowner review
Visited site for a survey and made sure they understood the scope. When the cold weather stuck they called to put the work off and then arrived prompt on the date booked. Very neat finish and they cleared up very well afterwards. Thank you LMA!
We specialise in the full design, supply, installation and commissioning of water and electric underfloor heating systems. We also offer supply and installation of your floor insulation too if required. Our office is in the South East but we work nationwide due to our large base of installers. We can cater for any floor construction whether that be new builds or refurbishments.
No job too small
Latest homeowner review
Create a job - it's free
We'll connect you with the right tradespeople, from over 30 different trades.
Get quotes
Up to 3 tradespeople can provide a quote, but on average you'll get 1-2.
Check ratings
Look at each tradesperson's profile to see their ratings and reviews.
Pick a tradesperson
Use our homeowner checklist for extra tips on choosing a tradesperson.
Job done
Leave a rating for your tradesperson based on quality, reliablity and value.