Post your job for free. Get quotes. Read reviews.
Post your job for free. Read reviews, get quotes, and see tips on hiring the right person.
How does it work?There are 422 Window fitters / Conservatory installers in Shropshire, and last month we helped homeowners get quotes for their home improvement jobs.
Take a look at our Window fitters / Conservatory installers profiles, read reviews and request quotes directly.
We at Top Glass Renovations have over 40 years’ experience in the home improvement industry. We are a friendly, family run business based in the heart of Birmingham. We have achieved a great reputation on providing the best products on the market along with our reliability and high standards of workmanship. We thrive on providing comfort and security in your home. Top Glass Renovations provide and install bespoke Upvc, Aluminium and Composite windows and doors along with a variety of different styles and designs of porches, conservatories Our cry “Quality and Reliable Service” is not just about providing our customers with the best products on the market but by giving them value for money along with a great after service. We are a business who pride ourselves on being honest, straightforward to deal with and providing bespoke products. As a proud family run business, we design and build with your guidance, imagination and vision. We put our customers at the heart of everything we do by offering them expert support and guidance throughout. If you have an idea and are looking to do some home improvements, we want to hear from you.
Latest homeowner review
Did not turn up for the appointment. Probably because it was not a big enough job?
started buisness in 2008 after 24 years employed on site for 3 construction companies we specialise in extensions new builds loft conversions garage conversions refurbs and renovations timber frames all building trades in house from groundworks to finished product ,city and guilds qualified citb registered your one stop company
Latest homeowner review
Exceptional service - clean and quality job at a very competitive price. I totally recommend these guys.
Latest homeowner review
A very reliable, hardworking, clean and tidy couple of young men ( very hard to find today). Nothing too much trouble for them and very eager to please. Would have no hesitation in recommending to others. Although our wall seemed only a smallish job (front garden wall) the work carried out was first class. Thanks again Tim and Steve for a brilliant job well done!
We are a family run buisness who are happy to help no job to small or to big
Latest homeowner review
Richard was cheerful and diligent during the job. He arrived on time with an assistant and completed the job in the two days that he had quoted.
CRJ Property Services has been successfully trading for 10 years, I offer a complete range of services from handyman services through to complete project management service.
Latest homeowner review
Efficient, neat and tidy worker. Very professional. Wouldn't hesitate to recommend him. Thanks Chris
We have over 30 years experience in all areas of roofing including slates,tiles,flat roofs,lead flashing UPVC fascias soffits and guttering.We only use top quality materials to ensure a quality finish. All work comes with a written quote and guarantee.
Latest homeowner review
Steve responded quickly and started straight away as he a space. He did a great job as per quote. Very satisfied. Thanks Robert
Trowel Masters as Over 25 years experience in Roofing, bricklaying, plastering, ceramic wall and floor tiling and general building also demolition works. Please take a look at our photos.
Latest homeowner review
Hi I'm Andy I'm 43 and first started out in 1996 did my apprentice with George wimpy builders and spent 20 years in Various trades I am a multi skilled tradesmen and pride myself in my work and value my customers as you are the key to success
Latest homeowner review
Really humble and professionals. My garden fence completely collapsed due to storm and I couldn’t afford a new one so they managed to fix it.
What The Duck has been trading for 15years Specialising in combi boiler breakdown and repairs. New boiler installations and general plumbing problems.
Latest homeowner review
Very pleased with the job. Pleasant informative as well as professional service ! Repaired my immersion within jobs all in the space of 2hours! Definitely recommended! Thankyou! P.s. very reasonably cost too!
Pm building & landscapers ,with 35 years building experience we cover all aspects of building works to be carried out ,extensions ,conversions ,garages ,porches brickwork .stonework ,retainers and much more ,ins work carried out .
Latest homeowner review
ROOFING FROM A SINGIE TILE TO A NEW ROOF ALL TYPES TILE SLATE AND FLAT CHIMNEYS REPOINTED REBUILD AND REMOVED U P V C FASIAS SOFFITS AND GUTTERING ALL COLOURS AND STYLES FULL REPLACEMENT. DRY VERGE SYSTEMES PAINTING AND DECORATING. ALL WASTE REMOVED specialist in repointing brickwork stone CHIMNEYS patios brick replacement airbricks fitted dust free removal of old morta new morta mercanly applied in lime or cement morta
Latest homeowner review
Peter installed the pipe as well as cleaned the gutter, and plugged up some gaps in the boards, waterproofed and sealed another board, and went above and beyond cleaning my conservatory gutter. This was in addition to my initial request. Will definitely call on him again in future.
Trading as intrendbuilders and tesscon co uk search us on google We are a friendly, hard working & affordable company who specialise in All forms of roofing and general building, maintenance, fencing and landscaping, waste removal, end of tenancy property clearances, wooden & laminate flooring and more in all areas of Birmingham & surrounding areas.
Latest homeowner review
Richard and his team did a great job of replacing our garden gazebo roof. Pete and the lads who worked at the property were professional and courteous throughout and I’d have no hesitation in recommending them.
With over 15 years building experience in the construction industry, GN Building Services (Stafford) Ltd are experts in all aspects of construction and project management. We specialise in both traditional and cutting-edge design and building methods. GN Building Services (Stafford) Ltd is not only a building company. We cover the entire project, from planning, design, building, renovating, electrical installation, tiling, and plumbing. We do not use subcontractors; all work is completed by our own employees. This means no delays, no waiting for specialist tradesmen; we finish the entire job within budget and on time.
Latest homeowner review
If you want building work done then GN Building Services are brilliant, not just excellent!. Before we said to go ahead he had introduced us to four former clients and showed us the work completed. He and his team are probably the hardest working tradesmen I have ever come across and talk about working to time and budget. I should really keep this review quiet as they are very much in demand and I need some more work doing - but I can not rate them highly enough.
IMD&G is a growing company that we started in the U.K.. We offer amazing gardening services, with professionals, all our staff are competent and trained. We can offer our services for anything you require, gardening wise. If you would like to use our services please feel free to exept the quotes and leave it on me
Latest homeowner review
Great communication. After photos show hard work. Great results. Would recommend.
Our award-winning claims management service aims to help policyholders throughout the UK make successful buildings insurance claims caused by storms, burst pipes, accidental damage, fire, floods or other events which lead to the property owners needing to make an insurance claim. We project manage and carry out the required repairs using our fully vetted contractors. Aspray always strive to reinstate the property to its pre-incident condition as swiftly as possible. Aspray Ltd are authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority for claims handling only.
Latest homeowner review
We are a company with over 15 years experience across UK and Europe.
Latest homeowner review
I recently hired Viorel to replace a ceiling beam in my rental kitchen, and I was thoroughly impressed with his work and professionalism. Viorel demonstrated excellent craftsmanship when tackling what turned out to be a more complex job than initially expected. During the ceiling beam replacement, he uncovered several additional issues that needed attention. Rather than simply ignoring these problems or hitting me with surprise costs, he took the time to explain each issue clearly and kept me updated.
Experienced builder NEW TO RATED PEOPLE ???? Hi everyone. I’m Mitch, I’ve been in the trade since leaving school. I am a general builder that specialises in timber work. I do most jobs from small jobs like laminate flooring all the way upto 2 storey extensions. For the larger jobs I have a reliable team of builders including electricians, plumbers and bricklayers. We are happy to quote anything, bespoke is my passion. If you can’t get someone to build it, we can! Please feel free to browse photos of my work, I will try upload a little bit of everything. If you don’t see a photo of a job your asking for, feel free to contact me and I’m sure I will be able to show you examples of my work in that area. Friendly team of lads aging between 18 and 66! We look forward to working with you. P.s as mention above we are new to rated trades and as such have decades of experience, thousands of builds under our belts but alas, no rating on here. Any and all feedback will be most welcome. Stay safe everyone and see you on the job!
Latest homeowner review
Mitch did an amazing job would definitely employ him again
M. Miller Surface Maintenance is a road and driveway Surfacing specialist with its head office based in Cumbria with nationwide coverage. We are experienced professionals in all aspects of hard surface installation including the likes of tarmac and asphalt roads, industrial concrete, block paving, resin bound aggregate. We also have a domestic department that undertake domestic driveways, patios, fencing, decking and artificial grass. We offer nationwide coverage with our registered agents based across the country your to be sure we have specialist installer near you. Contact today for a free no obligation quote.
Latest homeowner review
Did a amazing job nice kind speaking man dose not waste time on job was finished same day
Hi there, as the current Coronavirus (COVID-19) situation continues to develop, I want to take this opportunity to inform our customers that it is still business as usual. We will be taking distancing measures to keep contact to zero to keep everybody safe during this time (ie: send me video/photos of the issue/preferably using bank transfers for payment) We will also be keeping 3m distancing from customers . We do appreciate the coffees but they will have to wait until this situation is over. Please stay safe Michael.
Latest homeowner review
Great guys! Carried out the work quickly and took away all the mess! Very happy with the work carried out, also invited them back to carry out more work on my property, which was also carried out to a high standard! Would highly recommend!
Hi I'm Neil Ainsworth director of NOA Builders. NOA Builders Ltd,is a small building firm with many years experience in a wide range of trades. We pride ourselves on doing a fantastic job with an exceptional finish. We treat clients houses with upmost respect, and will leave your property as clean and tidy as we find it. All of NOA builders contactors are fully Qualified in there respective trades. We have two Carpenters, a Stone Mason,a bricklayer, a painter & decorator, Plasterer & a roofer. We build extensions from the ground up, bathrooms & kitchens from start to finish, and basically cover all aspects of building. We're also very happy to do smaller jobs. I look forward to quoting jobs for you, and hopefully doing some quality building works for you. Many thanks Neil
Latest homeowner review
NOA Building Tradesmen arrived on time each day, and began the repair work to our roof on time each day. These tradesmen are a great credit to their company. If you have a need for building or repair work I strongly recommend that you contact them for an estimate.
Latest homeowner review
Ben was originally due to visit the installation in order to provide an accurate quote but couldn't make the appointment so gave an acceptable quote without viewing the site. The work was carried out on a Saturday and Ben honoured his quote. Communication was very good and I wouldn't hesitate to use his services again.
Started in 2007 and incorporated in 2019, Jukoro Ltd is Worcester based building and construction business dedicated to serving our valued customers. With a focus on general building, construction, facilities maintenance, and joinery, we offer a comprehensive range of services tailored to meet the diverse needs of our clients. At Jukoro we understand that embarking on a building or renovation project can be both exciting and overwhelming. That's why we strive to provide a seamless and stress-free experience for our customers. From the initial stages of project planning to the final touches of completion, our team of experienced professionals is dedicated to project managing your house build or extension, ensuring that your vision becomes a reality. We take pride in our ability to improve, design, and build any aspect of your property. Whether you're looking to enhance your roof, bathroom, kitchen, or garden, our skilled craftsmen and designers are here to transform your space into a reflection of your unique style and preferences. Our commitment to quality craftsmanship, attention to detail, and innovative solutions sets us apart as a trusted partner in bringing your dreams to life. As part of our commitment to sustainability and environmental responsibility, we have recently launched our new "timber division" With a strong focus on sustainability practices and recycling, we are dedicated to offering eco-friendly options that meet the highest standards of quality. By incorporating sustainable materials and practices into our projects, we aim to contribute to a greener and more sustainable future. At Jukoro, we understand the importance of delivering exceptional results that exceed our customers' expectations. With a customer-cantered approach, we strive to build lasting relationships based on trust, reliability, and outstanding service. Our dedicated team is passionate about what we do, and we work tirelessly to ensure that every project we undertake is completed to the highest standards of craftsmanship and professionalism. When you choose Jukoro, you can be confident that you have chosen a partner that is committed to delivering excellence, exceeding your expectations, and creating spaces that inspire and enrich your life. Connect with us today to explore how we can bring your vision to life and provide you with a truly exceptional building and construction experience.
Latest homeowner review
CARING FOR CLAIMS Aspray (Sutton Coldfield) provide a property damage claims management service, helping policyholders who have suffered damage to their property and need to make a claim on their insurance policy. We've helped previous customers with fire, flood, storm, accidental damage, impact damage and various other insured events that have caused damage to their property. There is no charge to you, the policyholder, for the Aspray service provided that you authorise us to use our own vetted sub-contractors to complete any repairs or reinstatement works. Any excess stated within your insurance policy will still apply. Aspray (Sutton Coldfield) look forward to helping you. Aspray is authorised and regulated by the FCA for claims handling only.
Latest homeowner review
Very professional and extremely knowledgeable
I am a specialist quartz granite and solid surface installer including Silestone corian and much more we can fireplace granite surround bespoke to your requirements. We also undertake dry stone walling and wet stone walling
Latest homeowner review
Excellent job . Highly recommended
We undertake all aspects of roofing work, from repairs to complete roof replacement including lead work and chimney repairs.
Latest homeowner review
Would highly recommend Ben. Turned up when he said he would, hard worker and did a first class job. Site was left clean and tidy and all rubbish removed. ????
Rate-It MEGA SALE!!! EXTRA 20% OFF=40% MEGA OFFER Discount Code:SG008 Who Is SmartGlaze UK? WE COVER THE WHOLE OF THE WEST MIDLANDS SmartGlaze UK is a Bespoke specialist Double Glazing installer based in the UK that predominately covers The West and East Midlands and surrounding areas. We are a Market-leading residential/commercial business that upholds a high standard of moral conduct that abhor’s the exploitation of the vulnerable. Every product is tested rigorously, achieving the best results regarding energy efficiency & security, giving our customers and their families real comfort, warmth, and total peace of mind. They are built to last with long-lasting guarantees. Our website is smartglazeuk.uk Smartglazeuk on Trustpilot and google reviews SmartGlaze UK on Youtube smartglaze uk on Instagram
Latest homeowner review
I was very impressed by SmartGlaze. The gent from the company came very quickly and clearly knew his stuff, being an engineer myself there was no room for flannel. He explained everything ,showed me a sample of the product and offered good price. The surveyor and the fitters were excellent. They did a superb job and left no mess behind. The whole job was completed in a fortnight. I have no hesitation in recommending SmartGlaze.
A family run business with local domestic electricians / trades men serving West Midlands and Shropshire for all electrical needs from a replacement light or extra socket, to full house rewires and general home improvements. We also have all building trades on our books including an in house plasterer so it can all be done under one roof. We exclusively provide all the electrical requirements as a proud partner with the long-standing and very reputable Heritage Home Improvements in Shropshire. All quotations are free, and in some cases we can quote remotely.
Latest homeowner review
Absolutely fantastic service. Russ came to fit 4 lights for me, he arrived on time, carried out the work safely and was very knowledgeable with his work which was of a very high standard. I totally recommend his services and will definitely use him again in the future with my next project which he offered lots of good advice with, so many thanks.
All work carried out at a professional standard. Customer satisfaction is my number one priority. I Will always give 110% and go above and beyond to make sure, you as the customer are happy.
Latest homeowner review
Martin is certainly the most honest, realistic and trustworthy trades person I’ve ever had the pleasure to work with. We’ve renovated a few properties over the years dealt with dozens of tradespeople, both good and bad and Martin sits at the top of the good pile. He had a passion for the job, charged a reasonable price and showed knowledge and commitment. He deals with all sorts of outside jobs and I will get him back in a heartbeat to deal with anything we need on our land or home. He’s a legend.
We cover all aspects of roofing and driveways such as gables, guttering, facias, tarmac drives, block paving and much more, we aim to provide you with the best possible experience when with us with over 20 years experience
Latest homeowner review
William and his team did an excellent job replacing old gutterng and capping off a disused chimney. I highly recommend them.
Hi there , My name is Gholam Ali a professional joiner with more than 15 years of experience in high-end joinery. I am newcomer in the UK and very pleased to be here. Last year I decided to move my business to UK. I love my trade and take pride. If you look at my works photos you understand what I mean. I do everything within joinery and fit-ins. From Warderobe to bathroom vanity and cabinets. Study room , home theatre, bar desks and counters for shops and restaurants. No job is too small attitude. You’re very welcome to use me !
Latest homeowner review
Excellent , reliable and dedicated worker . Highly recommended .
Your home or office should be cleaned? We offer professional services, guarantee quality, and a good attitude. We offer deep cleaning, daily cleaning, end of tenancy cleaning, and garden cleaning. We have many years of experience and guarantee quality. We like to see our customers satisfied, this is a priority for us.
Latest homeowner review
We are a 3rd generation of roofers, all our work comes with a guarantee and at a fair price, from complete re roofs to gutter cleaning we cover every aspect of roofing including chimney work, upvc facia soffit and guttering replacement, flat roof renewal and repairs, moss removal and conservatory roof repairs and replacement!
Latest homeowner review
Quoted and completed Job Within the time advised. Very quick at responding. Guttering/ Facial Board was completed to a very good standard, respected property and cleaned up after. Very reliable.
A to Z Cheshire Building was established in 2005, a small family-owned business based in Chester. We service areas within a 30-mile radius of Chester City Centre. Although we are a small company, we have extensive experience in all home-improvements and interior decorating from tiling your bathroom to extending your home and everything in-between. In addition to private housing, we also cater to public housing needs, offices, schools and public buildings ensuring that public sanitation facilities and fire requirements are met. Each contract entered into by A to Z Cheshire Building has its own unique workforce in that appropriately qualified sub-contractors are recruited to ensure minimum overhead costs while still maintaining high quality work. Every sub-contractor works to the highest standard of training and health and safety. At A to Z Cheshire Building, we cater to our customers’ individual needs and tailor each contract to the customer.
Latest homeowner review
A good builder is always in demand, and it's true! I had to wait a little while for AtoZ Cheshire but they were worth the wait. Piotr and his team were polite, efficient and cleaned up everything so well that I hardly noticed they were there. This was a tricky job to replace a kitchen and home office floor after a flood. Lots of tricky corners and unusual cuts. The floor has been laid immaculately. I am delighted with the result and would highly recommend them!!
From a single tile to a new roof we cater to all with a range of colours and options to suit all budgets. We supply and fit new upvc dry verges and dry ridge to eliminate the ongoing cost of yearly maintenance we also supply and fit maintenance free gutter systems with integrated hedge hog systems in place to ensure gutters need no maintenance we also supply and fit new upvc facial soffits and barge board new walls built and repointing available also we do weather pointing new joists flat roofs we supply and fit Epdm Firestone rubber flat roofs to eliminate the ongoing costs associated with older materials. ig. Felt roofs that will degrade as time passes we also supply and fit upon request eco friendly roof systems for those who prefer a greener planet friendly option thanks for reading any questions pls feel free to contact us
Latest homeowner review
Small Construction firm offering an excellent finish to all aspects of building work. I have over 30 Years experience in the Construction Industry.
Latest homeowner review
Brilliant job done shame the not an option to add photos on here
Astonishing-Roofing A company you can trust
Latest homeowner review
Arrived before time which was lovely to see. Friendly and professional throughout. Gave a good quote. Look forward to seeing the end job and posting on here .
About Arena Group – Maintaining Homes Together At Arena Group, we believe home maintenance is about more than repairs it’s about trust, safety, and building lasting relationships with the people we serve. With over 25 years of hands?on construction and refurbishment experience, we’ve grown into a trusted partner for homeowners, landlords, and housing providers across the UK. Our mission is simple: to maintain homes together, blending craftsmanship with care.
Latest homeowner review
From garden maintenance to overgrown clearance, from lawn care, to fence installation, path/patio, garage door installation, sheds build to order, pointing, felt roofs, and much more
Latest homeowner review
Excellent work, very professional and reasonable rates. Will be using regularly and recommending to everyone I know who needs garden work. Quick response, showed up on time and quoted quickly
We are a reliable company painter and decorating Carpentry Tiling Plumbing Carpet and vinyl And much more ??
Latest homeowner review
Steve did a good job and I would recommend him, thanks Steve
We have a reliable,honest and highly skilled team of Roofers, which enables us to offer you one of the most professional and cost effective services throughout the local area. We offer the complete roofing service; from major re-roofing projects to minor domestic roof repairs that are not only competitively priced but also providing you with peace of mind. All our roofing work is Gaurnteed,based on a written estimate prior to work commencing
Latest homeowner review
Weatherseal roofing didn’t actually do my job in the end however, David came to look and quote for the job, was attentive and very straightforward to deal with. Thank you for your time and all the best in the future.
Welcome to home build thank you for visiting my rated people page . We are a family run business specialising in all roofing work including: Re-roofs Flat roofs Slate Tiling Roof moss removed Chimneys Ridge & Hip tiles Lead work and Valleys Upvc fascia, soffits and guttering - cleaned, repaired and renewed. EPDM Rubber roofs. We give free estimates and all work is guaranteed so don’t hesitate and give us a call
Latest homeowner review
Fantastic service. Arranged a time and attended promptly. Completed the work within agreed timeframe. Would recommend and definitely use again
We are a small family run business priding ourselves on a high quality service. We do everything from extensions, garage conversions, internal Carpentry, bathrooms, kitchens, external Carpentry, conservatory’s, windows etc. All staff are fully qualified, with over 20 years in the trade.
Latest homeowner review
skilful trades person. I am very happy with the fitted doors. Vacuumed and left the area tidy.
Supply and fit. Window repair and replacement. Pvc windows. Pvc doors. Secondary glazing. Sealed units. Glass splashback. Glass balustrade. Juliet balcony. Bespoke mirrors. Glass table tops. Shop fronts. Glass shower screen. 8am until 8pm call out board up service. Carpentry and home improvements. All aspects of carpentry and home improvements undertaken. Also find us on Facebook and Instagram Check us out on google: gullivers glazing
Latest homeowner review
Gullivers are highly recommended. Had a call to quote and they responded extremely quickly and offered to take on the job the next day. They arrived on time and didn't waste any time getting on with the job. Very friendly and helpful - any future work we have, we will get in touch with Gullivers. Highly Recommended! Thank you both
We are predominantly a 2 man team, qualified in a number of trades that cover all aspects of building works including: Extensions - Renovations - Conversions - Kitchens - Bathrooms - Driveways - Landscaping and much more. Although fairly new to (Rated people) we are no strangers to the construction industry and have a combined total of over 40 years experience time served . We are dedicated to our crafts and take pride in providing our customers with that picture perfect Finish . Please Feel free to check our customer ratings/browse through our previous works photo gallery. Although it’s not a requirement we do appreciate all former and future customers feedback and would be grateful for any and all ratings given. No pictures of works completed will be used to showcase our business without the customers consent , We look forward to meeting you. Regards. Sam and Jim
Latest homeowner review
Jim and Sam replaced our fence perimeter around our house and added a shed base at the back. They did a great job. It was not an easy job but they took their time to make sure they got it just right. They also did little extra touches to make it just right. Thanks guys. Really appreciate it. I would highly recommend them.
Skilled carpenter in Birmingham, specialising in all aspects of carpentry and joinery.
Latest homeowner review
Very hard working guys. Good job, not most cheapest but very nice and polite lads. Would use again. Gill
We are a family run and value driven company that specialise in custom design and fit of high quality garden buildings. We are passionate about what we do and strive to deliver the best quality builds for all spaces and budgets.
Latest homeowner review
Quick response to quote and very helpful. Have decided to go for a company who mainly does conservatory roof replacement.
Property maintenance, Mainly Plastering, Tiling and small Plumbing jobs.
Latest homeowner review
Welcome to Brown Bros and Co Roofing and Property Maintenance. North west Roofing Contractor offering high quality work for affordable prices. Roofing contractors based in Deeside offering excellent quality at affordable prices, All aspects of roofing work are undertaken from large projects to small repairs. Brown Bros and Co Roofing and Property Maintenance Ltd. specializes in all aspects of roof works. With over 20 years of experience in the roofing industry, promising a reliable and affordable service. Slating, tiling, flat roofs, fascia/gutters, general repairs, or full roofs. Free no obligation quotes offered.
Latest homeowner review
Craig, Chris and the team provide an extremely competitive quote and have retiled our whole roof to an excellent standard. They also went above and beyond and fitted new, skylight window, gutters and facia for no extra Labour cost. Finally they were also great guys to get on with and also very professional
Craven Construction (2007) Ltd was formed out of H.A.Tipton trading as Craven Construction. The trading name of my father (Arthur’s) business formed in 1967. In 2007 we formed the Ltd company. Our carpenter (Richard) has been with the firm 48years.
Latest homeowner review
Did what was needed to a very high standard. Clean and tidy- no delays, excellent. would recommend
Commercial and gas heating specialists.All types of plumbing work undertaken
Latest homeowner review
would definitely use again for further works. would highly recommend
Create a job - it's free
We'll connect you with the right tradespeople, from over 30 different trades.
Get quotes
Up to 3 tradespeople can provide a quote, but on average you'll get 1-2.
Check ratings
Look at each tradesperson's profile to see their ratings and reviews.
Pick a tradesperson
Use our homeowner checklist for extra tips on choosing a tradesperson.
Job done
Leave a rating for your tradesperson based on quality, reliablity and value.